HUMAN BODY SYSTEM AND PARTS

 HEAD

The human head consists of a fleshy outer portion covering a bony substructure called the skull. The primary purpose of the head is to contain and support the brain and primary sensory organs such as the mouth, eyes, ears, and nose. The head is probably one of the more delicate parts of the human body, as the vascular and musculature structures of the head consist of a number of small interconnected parts that need to be situated very particularly to function properly. 

The parts of the human head include:

Skull

1. Cranium (holds the brain)

2. Mandibles (lower jaw)

3. Maxilla (upper jaw)

4. Nasal bone

5. Zygomatic bone (eye sockets)

Face

6. Eyes

7. Nose

8. Ears

9. Mouth

10. Tongue

11. Teeth

12. Cheeks

13. Chin

Neck

14. Trachea

15. Esophagus

16. Cervical vertebrae

TORSO

The torso or “trunk” is the largest section of the human body and composes the bulk of the human body. The main function of the torso is to provide shape and structure to the human body and to house its vital internal organs such as the heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, liver, and kidneys. The torso also contains the majority of blood vessels that provide oxygen to the whole body. The parts of the human torso include:

16. Shoulders

17. Chest

18. Pectoralis (upper chest)

19. Ribcage

20. Lungs

21. Heart

22. Upper Abdomen

23. Abdominal muscles

24. Stomach

25. Kidneys

26. Liver

27. Lower Abdomen

28. Small Intestines

29. Large Intestines

30. Colon

31. Rectum

32. Posterior

33. Spine

34. Gluteus maximus (buttocks)

LIMBS

The next important division of the human boy is its 4 limbs. The limbs are attached to the torso and their primary purpose is to interact with the environment via locomotion with the legs and manipulating objects with the arms. Humans are unique among tetrapods (organisms with 4 limbs) in that 2 are specialized for locomotion (legs/feet) and 2 are specialized for manipulating objects (arms/hands). Except for some parts of the face, the limbs, the hands in feet, in particular, contain the most nerve endings are so are specialized to sense touch. The main limbs of the human body are:

Arms

35. Brachium (upper arm)

36. Humerus

37. Biceps

38. Triceps

39. Elbow

40. Forearm

41. Ulna

42. Radius

43. Hand

44. Carpals

45. Metacarpals

Legs

46. Thigh

47. Quadriceps

48. Hamstring

49. Knee

50. Crus (lower leg)

51. Shin

52. Tibia

53. Fibia

54. Ankle

55. Foot

56. Tarsals

57. Metatarsals

Human Body Parts By Organ System

In addition to dividing the human body by anatomical region, one can also categorize the parts of the human body by organ system. In a nutshell, an organ system is a collective group of organs that work together to perform some specific function. The major organ systems of the human body are the respiratory system, vascular system, skeletal system, and the digestive system.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The main function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the intake and removal of gaseous materials from the body. The respiratory system is the main mechanism by which the body replenishes its oxygen supplies and removes waste products from cellular respiration such as carbon dioxide. The main body parts of the human respiratory system are:

58. Trachea

59. Bronchioles

60. Lungs

61. Alveoli

62. Diaphragm

Through the coordinated functioning of these parts, the body is able to inhale air, extract oxygen from the air, remove carbon dioxide from the blood and expel gaseous waste.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The purpose of the vascular system (circulatory system) is to facilitate the transfer of oxygen saturated blood to the various extremities of the body and move de-oxygenated blood from those extremities to the lungs for reoxygenation. The vascular system also serves to circulate heat to the body. The vascular system is the single largest system in the body by length. If you took every blood vessel in the human body and laid them end to end, the resulting chain would stretch for 60,000 miles. The main parts of the human vascular system are:

63. Heart

64. Blood Vessels

65. Arteries

66. Veins

67. Capillaries

68. Blood

The exact boundaries of the vascular system are somewhat fuzzy, as virtually every other organ system incorporates some aspect of the vascular system in their functioning. The lymph system uses the vascular system to remove pathogens from the body, and the kidneys and liver serve to remove toxins from the blood.

SKELETAL SYSTEM

The skeletal system serves primarily to give the body physical structure and support its other parts. Human babies are initially born with 270 separate bones. Over time some of these bones will fuse together putting the grand total of bones in the adult skeletal system at 206. The largest bone in the body is the femur (thigh bone) and the smallest bone is the stirrup, one of the 3 ossicles in the human inner ear. Some of the main parts of the skeletal system are:

69. Skull

70. Vertebrae (spine)

71. Scapula (shoulder blades)

72. Ribs

73. Humerus

74. Ulna

75. Radius

76. Pelvis

77. Carpals/Metacarpals (hand bones)

78. Femur

79. Patella (kneecap)

80. Tibia (front of the shin)

81. Fibia

82. Tarsals/Metatarsals (foot bones)

DIGESTIVE SYTEM

The digestive system serves primarily to process and absorb nutrients from food. Most of the digestive muscles are contained in the torso and are composed of smooth muscle. Interestingly enough, the process of digestion actually begins before you even put any food in your mouth; it starts with salivary glands producing saliva in response to the sight and smell of food. The main parts of the human digestive system are:

83. Mouth

84. Esophagus

85. Stomach

86. Small Intestines

87. Large Intestine

88. Rectum

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MALES

The purpose of the organs of the male reproductive system is to perform the following functions. To produce, maintain, and transport sperm (the male reproductive cells) and protective fluid (semen). To discharge sperm within the female reproductive tract during sex. To produce and secrete male sex hormones responsible for maintaining the male reproductive system

89. Penis - the organ that urine and sperm (seminal fluid) go through to the outside of the body.

90. Foreskin - a loose fold of skin covering the head of the penis.  It may be removed during a surgical procedure called circumcision.

91. Testicles (testes) - 2 walnut-sized organs that make sperm cells.  The sperm unites with an egg from a woman for a baby to begin.

92. Scrotum - the sac located on the outside below the penis that holds the testes.

93. Urethra - the tube that goes from the urinary bladder through the penis to the outside.

94. Vas deferens - the tube that carries sperm from the testes to the urethra. Sperm move through the penis to the outside during ejaculation.

95. Prostate gland - a gland that is inside the body at the base of the urethra. It secretes fluid that helps sperm move more easily.